The lemon (Citrus x limon) is a plant with uncertain geographical origins, but archaeological and historical evidence attests to its presence in the Mediterranean since ancient times. This study explores the role of lemons as a therapeutic remedy, focusing particularly on their historical use against cholera. Through the analysis of archival documents, it emerges that as early as the 19th century, lemons were used to alleviate the symptoms of the so-called “Asiatic disease” in Italy. Beyond their historical application, lemons possess numerous health benefits, as demonstrated by recent scientific studies. Rich in vitamin C, flavonoids, and other bioactive compounds, lemons have been found to support the immune system, prevent cardiovascular diseases, dissolve kidney stones, aid digestion, and even exhibit anti-cancer properties. This review highlights the therapeutic value of lemons both in the past and present, emphasizing their potential in nutraceuticals and natural medicine.
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